Background: Post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) is significantly influenced by the reflux of duodenal fluid. While gastrointestinal decompression represents a fundamental approach in acute pancreatitis management, the effectiveness of immediate duodenal decompression following ERCP to prevent PEP remains uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the impact of immediate duodenal decompression after ERCP on reducing the incidence of hyperamylasemia and PEP. Methods: This retrospective study encompassed patients with native papilla who underwent therapeutic ERCP for choledocholithiasis at the Department of Gastroenterology, Chun'an Branch of Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Zhejiang, China) between January 2020 and June 2023. Based on the immediate placement of a duodenal decompression tube post-ERCP, patients were categorized into two groups: the duodenal decompression group and the conventional procedure group. Primary outcomes included the incidence of PEP and hyperamylasemia. Results: A total of 195 patients were enrolled (94 in the duodenal decompression group and 101 in the conventional procedure group). Baseline clinical and procedural characteristics exhibited no significant differences between the two groups. PEP occurred in 2 patients (2.1%) in the duodenal decompression group, in contrast to 11 patients (10.9%) in the conventional procedure group (Risk difference [RD] 8.8%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.7%-16.5%, P = 0.014). Hyperamylasemia was observed in 8 patients (8.5%) in the duodenal decompression group, compared to 20 patients (19.8%) in the conventional procedure group (RD 11.3%; 95% CI 1.4%-21.0%; P = 0.025). Patients with PEP in both groups showed improvement after receiving active treatment. No severe cases of PEP occurred in either group, and no serious adverse events related to duodenal catheter decompression were reported. Conclusion: Immediate duodenal decompression following ERCP demonstrates an effective reduction in the incidence of hyperamylasemia and PEP.
In order to prevent uranium pollution and recovery uranium resources, it was necessary to find a highly efficient adsorbent for radioactive wastewater treatment. Herein, U(VI) imprinted polyethyleneimine (PEI) incorporated chitosan/layered hydrotalcite composite foam (IPCL) was synthesized by combining ion-imprinting and freeze-drying techniques. IPCL has a high amino/imino content and an ultralight macroporous structure, making it capable of efficiently adsorbing U(VI) and easy to separate; Especially after ion-imprinting, vacancies matching the size of uranyl ions were formed, significantly improving U(VI) selectivity. The adsorption isotherms and adsorption kinetics were in accordance with the Freundlich model and PSO model respectively, indicating that heterogeneous adsorption of U(VI) by the adsorbents. The adsorption capacity of IPCL-2 for U(VI) reached 278.8. mg/g (under the conditions of optimal pH 5.0, temperature of 298 K, contact time of 2 h, and adsorbent dosage of 0.2 g/L), which is almost double of that for the non-imprinted foam (PCL-2, 138.2 mg/g), indicating that IPCL-2 can intelligently recognize U(VI). The heterogeneous adsorption mechanism of U(VI) by IPCL-2 involves complexation, ion-exchange and isomorphic substitution. The adsorption of U(VI) by IPCL-2 is spontaneous and endothermic. IPCL-2 has excellent adsorption performance for U(VI), and is a promising adsorbent for radioactive pollution control.
Carbon fiber structural composite supercapacitors possess the multifunctionality of storing electrochemical energy and withstanding mechanical loads simultaneously, attracting increased attention in electric vehicles, drones, and aircraft sectors. A polymer-based coating was meticulously constructed at the electrode/electrolyte interface to enhance adhesion and stability between active materials and the carbon fiber fabric collector under diverse conditions, especially mechanical stress. Mechanical testing and corresponding physical characterization substantiated the superior performance of the polymer coating. With the protective polymer coating, the optimized structural composite Zn-ion supercapacitor (SZSC), consisting of carbon fiber@active carbon-P (CF@AC-P) cathode, ionogel electrolyte, and Zn anode, displayed a maximum energy density of 164.6 mWh kg-1, at power density of 563.3 mW kg-1. Moreover, the optimized SZSC demonstrated stable operation over more than 8000 cycles at 0.3 mA cm-2 without capacity degradation. The optimized SZSC exhibited a tensile strength of 399.7 MPa and Young's modulus of 11.5 GPa. Furthermore, employing vacuum infusion techniques, the fabricated three-dimensional (3D) wing skin model shell and tube shell curved-surface structural composite Zn-ion supercapacitor component composites showcased exceptional electrochemical performance. These achievements further validate the practicality of 3D multifunctional composites. Consequently, this research presented a practical and straightforward interface engineering approach to develop multifunctional structural devices with remarkable electrochemical and mechanical properties.
Vanadium-based polyanionic materials are promising electrode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to their outstanding advantages such as high voltage, acceptable specific capacity, excellent structural reversibility, good thermal stability, etc. Polyanionic compounds, moreover, can exhibit excellent multiplicity performance as well as good cycling stability after well-designed carbon covering and bulk-phase doping and thus have attracted the attention of multiple researchers in recent years. In this paper, after the modification of carbon capping and bulk-phase nitrogen doping, compared to pristine Na3 V2 (PO4 )3 , the well optimized Na3 V(PO3 )3 N/C possesses improved electromagnetic induction strength and structural stability, therefore exhibits exceptional cycling capability of 96.11% after 500 cycles at 2 C (1 C = 80 mA g-1 ) with an elevated voltage platform of 4 V (vs Na+ /Na). Meanwhile, the designed Na3 V(PO3 )3 N/C possesses an exceptionally low volume change of ≈0.12% during cycling, demonstrating its quasi-zero strain property, ensuring an impressive capacity retention of 70.26% after 10,000 cycles at 2 C. This work provides a facial and cost-effective synthesis method to obtain stable vanadium-based phosphate materials and highlights the enhanced electrochemical properties through the strategy of carbon rapping and bulk-phase nitrogen doping.
Herein, an interfacial electron redistribution is proposed to boost the activity of carbon-supported spinel NiCo2O4 catalyst toward oxygen conversion via Fe, N-doping strategy. Fe-doping into octahedron induces a redistribution of electrons between Co and Ni atoms on NiCo1.8Fe0.2O4@N-carbon. The increased electron density of Co promotes the coordination of water to Co sites and further dissociation. The generation of proton from water improves the overall activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The increased electron density of Ni facilitates the generation of oxygen vacancies. The Ni-VO-Fe structure accelerates the deprotonation of *OOH to improve the activity toward oxygen evolution reaction (OER). N-doping modulates the electron density of carbon to form active sites for the adsorption and protonation of oxygen species. Fir wood-derived carbon endows catalyst with an integral structure to enable outstanding electrocatalytic performance. The NiCo1.8Fe0.2O4@N-carbon express high half-wave potential up to 0.86â V in ORR and low overpotential of 270â mV at 10â mA cm-2 in OER. The zinc-air batteries (ZABs) assembled with the as-prepared catalyst achieve long-term cycle stability (over 2000â cycles) with peak power density (180â mWcm-2). Fe, N-doping strategy drives the catalysis of biomass-derived carbon-based catalysts to the highest level for the oxygen conversion in ZABs.
Nitrate electroreduction reaction (eNO3 -RR) to ammonia (NH3) provides a promising strategy for nitrogen utilization, while achieving high selectivity and durability at an industrial scale has remained challenging. Herein, we demonstrated that the performance of eNO3 -RR could be significantly boosted by introducing two-dimensional Cu plates as electrocatalysts and eliminating the general carrier gas to construct a steady fluid field. The developed eNO3 -RR setup provided superior NH3 Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 99 %, exceptional long-term electrolysis for 120â h at 200â mA cm-2, and a record-high yield rate of 3.14â mmol cm-2 h-1. Furthermore, the proposed strategy was successfully extended to the Zn-nitrate battery system, providing a power density of 12.09â mW cm-2 and NH3 FE of 85.4 %, outperforming the state-of-the-art eNO3 -RR catalysts. Coupled with the COMSOL multiphysics simulations and in situ infrared spectroscopy, the main contributor for the high-efficiency NH3 production could be the steady fluid field to timely rejuvenate the electrocatalyst surface during the electrocatalysis.
In this work, novel monoclinic tungsten oxide (WO3)-encapsulated phosphate-rich porous sodium alginate (PASA) microspherical hydrogel beads were prepared for efficient U(VI) capture. These macroporous and hollow beads were systematically characterized through XRD, FTIR, EDX-mapping, and SEM-EDS techniques. The O and P atoms in the PO and monoclinic WO3 offered inner-spherical complexation with U(VI). The in situ growth of WO3 played a significant role inside the phosphate-rich biopolymeric network to improve its chemical stability, specific surface area, adsorption capacity, and sorption rate. The phytic acid (PA) served for heteroatom doping and crosslinking. The encapsulated WO3 mass ratio was optimized in different composites, and WO3/PASA3 (the microspherical beads with a mass ratio of 30.0 % w/w) exhibited remarkable maximum sorption capacity qm (336.42 mg/g) computed through the best-fit Langmuir model (R2 ≈ 0.99) and rapid sorption equilibrium, teq (150 min). The isothermal sorption studies were conducted at different temperatures (298, 303, and 308 K) and thermodynamic parameters concluded that the process of U(VI) sorption using WO3/PASA3 is endothermic and feasible having ΔHo (8.19 kJ/mol), ΔGo (-20.75, -21.38, and - 21.86 kJ/mol) and proceeds with a minute increase in randomness ΔSo (0.09 kJ/mol.K). Tungsten oxide (WO3)-encapsulated phosphate-rich porous microspherical beads could be promising material for uranium removal.
Alginates , Oxides , Tungsten , Uranium , Alginates/chemistry , Adsorption , Phosphates , Porosity , Thermodynamics , Kinetics , Uranium/chemistry , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
N-acylethanolamine acid amidase (NAAA) is a nucleophilic lysosomal cysteine hydrolase, which primarily mediates the hydrolytic inactivation of endogenous palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), which further influences the inflammatory process by regulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α). Herein, a novel lysosome (Lyso)-targeting fluorescent probe (i.e., PMBD) was designed and synthesized for detecting endogenous NAAA selectively and sensitively, allowing real-time visual monitoring of endogenous NAAA in living cells. Moreover, PMBD can target Lyso with a high colocalization in Lyso Tracker. Finally, a high-throughput assay method for NAAA inhibitor screening was established using PMBD, and the NAAA-inhibitory effects of 42 anti-inflammatory Traditional Chinese medicines were evaluated. A novel potent inhibitor of NAAA, ellagic acid, was isolated from Cornus officinalis, which can suppress LPS-induced iNOS upregulation and NO production in RAW264.7 cells that display anti-inflammatory activities. PMBD, a novel Lyso-targeting fluorescent probe for visually imaging NAAA, could serve as a useful molecular tool for exploring the physiological functions of NAAA and drug development based on NAAA-related diseases.
Anti-Inflammatory Agents , Fluorescent Dyes , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology , Drug Development , Amidohydrolases , Lysosomes , Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
Gas nanobubbles used for water treatment and recovery give rise to great concern for their unique advantages of less byproducts, higher efficiency, and environmental friendliness. Nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI), which has also been widely explored in the field of environmental remediation, can generate gas hydrogen by direct reaction with water. Whether nanoscale hydrogen bubbles can be produced to enhance the pollution removal of the nZVI system is one significant concern involved. Herein, we report direct observations of in situ generation of hydrogen nanobubbles (HNBs) from nZVI in water. More importantly, the formed HNBs can enhance indeed the reduction of Se(IV) beyond the chemical reduction ascribed to Fe(0), especially in the anaerobic environment. The possible mechanism is that HNBs enhance the reducibility of the system and promote electron transport in the solution. This study demonstrates a unique function of HNBs combined with nZVI for the pollutant removal and a new approach for in situ HNB generation for potential applications in the fields of in situ remediation agriculture, biotechnology, medical treatment, health, etc.
Environmental Pollutants , Environmental Restoration and Remediation , Water Pollutants, Chemical , Water Purification , Iron
Titanium silicate zeolite (TS-1) is widely used in the research on selective oxidations of organic substrates by H2O2. Compared with the chlorohydrin process and the hydroperoxidation process, the TS-1 catalyzed hydroperoxide epoxidation of propylene oxide (HPPO) has advantages in terms of by-products and environmental friendliness. This article reviews the latest progress in propylene epoxidation catalyzed by TS-1, including the HPPO process and gas phase epoxidation. The preparation and modification of TS-1 for green and sustainable production are summarized, including the use of low-cost feedstocks, the development of synthetic routes, strategies to enhance mass transfer in TS-1 crystal and the enhancement of catalytic performance after modification. In particular, this article summarizes the catalytic mechanisms and advanced characterization techniques for propylene epoxidation in recent years. Finally, the present situation, development prospect and challenge of propylene epoxidation catalyzed by TS-1 were prospected.
Due to their unique electronic and structural properties, single-atom catalytic materials (SACMs) hold great promise for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Coordinating environmental and engineering strategies is the key to improving the ORR performance of SACMs. This review summarizes the latest research progress and breakthroughs of SACMs in the field of ORR catalysis. First, the research progress on the catalytic mechanism of SACMs acting on ORR is reviewed, including the latest research results on the origin of SACMs activity and the analysis of pre-adsorption mechanism. The study of the pre-adsorption mechanism is an important breakthrough direction to explore the origin of the high activity of SACMs and the practical and theoretical understanding of the catalytic process. Precise coordination environment modification, including in-plane, axial, and adjacent site modifications, can enhance the intrinsic catalytic activity of SACMs and promote the ORR process. Additionally, several engineering strategies are discussed, including multiple SACMs, high loading, and atomic site confinement. Multiple SACMs synergistically enhance catalytic activity and selectivity, while high loading can provide more active sites for catalytic reactions. Overall, this review provides important insights into the design of advanced catalysts for ORR.
PURPOSE: To develop a portable MR perfusion phantom for quality-controlled assessment and reproducibility of arterial spin labeled (ASL) perfusion measurement. METHODS: A 3D-printed perfusion phantom was developed that mimics the branching of arterial vessels, capillaries, and a chamber containing cellulose sponge representing tissue characteristics. A peristaltic pump circulated distilled water through the phantom, and was first evaluated at 300, 400, and 500 mL/min. Longitudinal reproducibility of perfusion was performed using 2D pseudo-continuous ASL at 20 post-label delays (PLDs, ranging between 0.2 and 7.8 s at 0.4-s intervals) over a period of 16 weeks, with three repetitions each week. Multi-PLD data were fitted into a general kinetic model for perfusion quantification (f) and arterial transit time (ATT). Intraclass correlation coefficient was used to assess intersession reproducibility. RESULTS: MR perfusion signals acquired in the 3D-printed perfusion phantom agreed well with the experimental conditions, with progressively increasing signal intensities and decreasing ATT for pump flow rates from 300 to 500 mL/min. The perfusion signal at 400 mL/min and the general kinetic model-derived f and ATT maps were similar across all PLDs for both intrasession and intersession reproducibility. Across all 48 experimental time points, the average f was 75.55 ± 3.83 × 10-3 mL/mL/s, the corresponding ATT was 2.10 ± 0.20 s, and the T1 was 1.84 ± 0.102 s. Intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.92 (95% confidence interval 0.83-0.97) for f, 0.96 (0.91-0.99) for ATT, and 0.94 (0.88-0.98) for T1 , demonstrating excellent reproducibility. CONCLUSION: A simple, portable 3D-printed perfusion phantom with excellent reproducibility of 2D pseudo-continuous ASL measurements was demonstrated that can serve for quality-controlled and reliable measurements of ASL perfusion.
Cerebrovascular Circulation , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Spin Labels , Reproducibility of Results , Perfusion , Printing, Three-Dimensional
The problem in d-band center modulation of transition metal-based catalysts for the rate-determining steps of oxygen conversion is an obstacle to boost the electrocatalytic activity by accelerating proton coupling. Herein, the Co doping to FeP is adopted to modify the d-band center of Fe. Optimized Fe sites accelerate the proton coupling of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on N-doped wood-derived carbon through promoting water dissociation. In situ generated Fe sites optimize the adsorption of oxygen-related intermediates of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) on CoFeP NPs. Superior catalytic activity toward ORR (half-wave potential of 0.88 V) and OER (overpotential of 300 mV at 10 mA cm-2 ) express an unprecedented level in carbon-based transition metal-phosphide catalysts. The liquid zinc-air battery presents an outstanding cycling stability of 800 h (2400 cycles). This research offers a newfangled perception on designing highly efficient carbon-based bifunctional catalysts for ORR and OER.
Chronic allergen exposure can significantly induce p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation in asthma. p38 MAPK is involved in steroid resistance through phosphorylation of glucocorticoid receptors (GR) at S226. This study aims to investigate whether chronic allergen exposure can induce steroid resistance and whether it is associated with p38 MAPK activation in asthma. A mouse model of asthma was prepared by sensitizing and challenging mice with chronic ovalbumin (OVA) exposure. Key features of allergic asthma, encompassing bronchial hyperresponsiveness, pathology of lung tissues, cytokine profiles of inflammation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and serum immunoglobulin (Ig)E concentration were evaluated. Furthermore, suppressive effects of corticosteroid on the splenocytes under stimulation of lipopolysaccharides, glucocorticoid receptor (GR) DNA binding ability of splenocytes, expression of GRα and phosphorylation of GR s226 in splenocytes, and p38 MAPK phosphorylation in splenocytes and lung tissues were determined. Chronic OVA exposure substantially induced airway hypersensitivity, leading to increased inflammatory infiltration in lung tissues. Additionally, it resulted in elevated levels of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-6 in BALF, as well as heightened levels of IgE in serum. Furthermore, OVA exposure substantially enhanced p38 MAPK phosphorylation in lung tissues. It also weakened the suppressive impacts of corticosteroids on splenocytes, impaired the GR DNA binding ability, and led to an enhanced phosphorylated state of GR S226 and p38 MAPK in splenocytes. Taken together, chronic allergen exposure contributes to steroid resistance in asthma, which is linked to an increased phosphorylated state of GR S226 and p38 MAPK.
Asthma , Receptors, Glucocorticoid , Animals , Mice , Receptors, Glucocorticoid/metabolism , p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism , p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/pharmacology , Phosphorylation , Asthma/metabolism , Lung/metabolism , Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid , Adrenal Cortex Hormones , Steroids/metabolism , Steroids/pharmacology , Allergens/metabolism , DNA , Ovalbumin , Disease Models, Animal , Mice, Inbred BALB C
Object: With the aim of enhancing prevention and regional control of epidemics, the mental health status of medical personnel was analyzed before the implementation of closed-loop management during the COVID-19 pandemic in the regional hospital representative. Methods: In accordance with directives from the unified deployment of the national and regional health bureaus, and following the inclusion and exclusion criteria, from September 2021 to November 2022, all medical personnel assigned to a closed-loop working environment by Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital were enrolled as research subjects through cluster sampling method. Using a cross-sectional survey method, relevant data such as age, gender, professional title, and mental health status were collected. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scale, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale, and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) scale were administered. Logistic regression analysis was used to study the influencing factors of depression, anxiety, and insomnia. Single factor logistic regression analysis was performed first, followed by multiple factor logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 500 valid responses were received. Depression was reported by a higher proportion of physicians than nurses. Anxiety was reported by higher proportion of men than women and by a higher proportion of physicians than nurses. Medical personnel under the age of 30 years reported fewer symptoms of insomnia than those over the age of 41 years, and medical personnel with intermediate professional titles reported more severe symptoms of insomnia than junior personnel. There was no significant difference between the results of the three questionnaires for medical personnel from other hospital departments or in the different type of closed-loop work environments. Conclusion: During the pandemic, conducting psychological health assessments for medical personnel undergoing pre-job training in closed-loop management was beneficial for the timely detection of psychological problems. Although this study only conducted a cluster sampling survey and lacked comparative analysis on other medical institutions, it still suggested that it was necessary to strengthen timely psychological counseling and intervention for senior male physicians.
COVID-19 , Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders , Humans , Male , Female , Adult , COVID-19/epidemiology , Pandemics , Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Depression/epidemiology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Health Surveys
Ruthenium (Ru) is a refractory metal that has applications in the semiconductor industry as a sputtering target material. However, conventional powder metallurgy methods cannot produce dense and fine-grained Ru targets with preferred orientation. Here, we present a novel method of hot-pressing deformation to fabricate Ru targets with high relative density (98.8%), small grain size (~4.4 µm) and strong (002) texture. We demonstrate that applying pressures of 30-40 MPa at 1400 °C transforms cylindrical Ru samples into disk-shaped targets with nearly full densification in the central region. We also show that the hardness and the (002)/(101) peak intensity ratio of the targets increase with the pressure, indicating enhanced mechanical and crystallographic properties. Our study reveals the mechanisms of densification and texture formation of Ru targets by hot-pressing deformation.
The emergence of chemoresistance in cervical cancer is extremely challenging in chemotherapy. Oxidative stress has emerged as the regulatory factor in drug resistance, but the detailed mechanism is still unknown. Stress granules, are membrane-less ribonucleoprotein-based condensates, could enhance chemoresistance by sequestering proapoptotic proteins inhibition of cell death upon exposure to drug-induced oxidative stress. Galectin-7, a member of galectin family, exerts varied roles in tumor repression or progression in different cancers. However, its role in cervical cancer has not been sufficiently studied. Here, we found that galectin-7 promotes cisplatin (CDDP) induced apoptosis and associates with stress granule-nucleating protein G3BP1 degradation. With the treatment of cisplatin, galectin-7 could enhance apoptosis by upregulating cleaved-PARP1 and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), promoting mitochondrial fission, and reducing mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Furthermore, galectin-7 also reduces resistance by facilitating cisplatin-induced stress granules clearance through galectin-7/RACK1/G3BP1 axis. All these data suggested that galectin-7 promotes cisplatin sensitivity, and it would be potential target for potentiating efficacy in cervical cancer chemotherapy.
Antineoplastic Agents , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms , Female , Humans , Cisplatin/pharmacology , Cisplatin/therapeutic use , Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , DNA Helicases , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/drug therapy , Poly-ADP-Ribose Binding Proteins , RNA Helicases/pharmacology , RNA Helicases/therapeutic use , RNA Recognition Motif Proteins , Galectins/pharmacology , Galectins/therapeutic use , Apoptosis , Cell Line, Tumor , Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
Background: Root-associated microbes of the mangrove trees play important roles in protecting and maintaining mangrove ecosystems. At present, most of our understanding of mangrove root-related microbial diversity is obtained from specific mangrove species in selected geographic regions. Relatively little is known about the composition of the bacterial microbiota existing in disparate mangrove species microenvironments, particularly the relationship among different mangrove species in tropical environments. Methods: We collected the root, rhizosphere soil, and non-rhizosphere soil of four mangrove trees (Acanthus ilicifolius, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Clerodendrum inerme, and Lumnitzera racemosa) and detected the 16S rRNA gene by a conventional PCR. We performed high throughput sequencing using Illumina Novaseq 6000 platform (2 × 250 paired ends) to investigate the bacterial communities related with the different mangrove species. Results: We analyzed the bacterial diversity and composition related to the diverse ecological niches of mangrove species. Our data confirmed distinct distribution patterns of bacterial communities in the three rhizocompartments of the four mangrove species. Microbiome composition varied with compartments and host mangrove species. The bacterial communities between the endosphere and the other two compartments were distinctly diverse independent of mangrove species. The large degree of overlap in critical community members of the same rhizocompartment across distinct mangrove species was found at the phylum level. Furthermore, this is the first report of Acidothermus found in mangrove environments. In conclusion, understanding the complicated host-microbe associations in different mangrove species could lay the foundation for the exploitation of the microbial resource and the production of secondary metabolites.
Microbiota , Trees , Trees/genetics , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics , Soil Microbiology , Plant Roots/microbiology , Bacteria/genetics , Microbiota/genetics , High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing , Soil
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first reported three years ago, when a group of individuals were infected with the original SARS-CoV-2 strain, based on which vaccines were developed. Here, we develop six human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from two elite convalescents in Wuhan and show that these mAbs recognize diverse epitopes on the receptor binding domain (RBD) and can inhibit the infection of SARS-CoV-2 original strain and variants of concern (VOCs) to varying degrees, including Omicron strains XBB and XBB.1.5. Of these mAbs, the two most broadly and potently neutralizing mAbs (7B3 and 14B1) exhibit prophylactic activity against SARS-CoV-2 WT infection and therapeutic effects against SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant challenge in K18-hACE2 KI mice. Furthermore, post-exposure treatment with 7B3 protects mice from lethal Omicron variants infection. Cryo-EM analysis of the spike trimer complexed with 14B1 or 7B3 reveals that these two mAbs bind partially overlapped epitopes onto the RBD of the spike, and sterically disrupt the binding of human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) to RBD. Our results suggest that mAbs with broadly neutralizing activity against different SARS-CoV-2 variants are present in COVID-19 convalescents infected by the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strain, indicating that people can benefit from former infections or vaccines despite the extensive immune escape of SARS-CoV-2.
COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , Humans , Animals , Mice , Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies , Antibodies, Monoclonal , Epitopes/genetics
The radioactive contamination from the excessive discharge of uranium-containing wastewater seriously threatens environmental safety and human health. Herein, macroporous and ultralight polyethyleneimine-grafted chitosan/nano-TiO2 composite foam (PCT) with antibacterial activity was synthesized, which could quickly remove U(VI) from solution. Among different PCT adsorbents, PCT-2 had the best adsorption performance for U(VI), which could be due to its honeycomb macroporous structures and the presence of abundant amino/imine groups. The kinetics and adsorption isotherms data were found in agreement with the pseudo-second-order model and the Langmuir model, respectively, indicating chemisorption or complexation as the main adsorption mechanism. The saturated adsorption capacity of PCT-2 for U(VI) reaches 259.91 mg/g at pH 5.0 and 298 K. The PCT-2 also presents good selectivity for U(VI) with the coefficient (ßU/M) order of Na+ > K+ > Mg2+ > Ca2+ > Ni2+ > Co2+ > Mn2+ > Al3+ > Fe3+ > Cu2+. The adsorption mechanism was explored using FT-IR and XPS analysis, indicating that amino/imine groups and hydroxyl groups are responsible for U(VI) complexation. Thermodynamic calculations show that U(VI) adsorption is endothermic and spontaneous. The ease of preparation, excellent adsorption performance and environmental friendliness of PCT-2 make it a novel adsorbent with antibacterial activity for radioactive contamination control.
Chitosan , Uranium , Humans , Polyethyleneimine , Chitosan/chemistry , Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared , Thermodynamics , Adsorption , Kinetics , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Uranium/chemistry
